Subsequently, the survived PRS infants may develop poor nutritional status, the inability of gaining weight, and slow growth. It is recognized that PRS is associated with intermittent upper airway obstruction, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties, which put the affected infants at high risk within 1 month after birth. According to the previous literature review in 2015, PRS is a rare disease with an annual average of around 1:8,500 to 14,000 at births in neonates worldwide. The clinical triad consists of micrognathia (small mandible), glossoptosis (backward and downward displacement of the tongue), and airway obstruction is defined as Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). In conclusion, this study established an early alerting model by monitoring the weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade as potential combinations to predict the risk of postoperative dyspnea for PRS. Incompetent weight gain was identified as a predictor ( p = 0.0371) of PRS postoperative dyspnea through the binary logistic regression model. Weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade distribution showed a significant difference between patients with and without postoperative dyspnea ( p = 0.0175, p = 0.0026, and p = 0.0038, respectively). The patient’s physiological status and anesthesiology data were collected accordingly, demographic characteristics including age, gender, height and weight at surgery, weight gain, preoperative airway status, tracheal intubation route, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and airway Cormack–Lehane classification. Forty children with PRS, who underwent general anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed. Pierre Robin Sequence Robin Sequence micrognathia ultrasound.The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the predictive factors of postoperative dyspnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Alveolar overjet, previously not described in prenatal ultrasound literature, is measurable and has utility in prenatal screening for PRS, as do FMA and FNMA. This is an important first step to prepare for potential respiratory intervention at delivery to minimize perinatal hypoxia.

Mandibular features on the 20-week ultrasound can be measured to predict diagnosis and severity of PRS. Additionally, there was a significant difference in median overjet between patients with PRS who did and did not require respiratory intervention. The odds of respiratory intervention increased among cases when FMA was <68°.

The PRS group also demonstrated significantly larger mean alveolar overjet compared to the control group, 3.9 ± 1.4 mm and 2.1 ± 0.9 mm, respectively (p < 0.0001). Patients with PRS demonstrated a significantly smaller mean FNMA compared to the control group, 129.3 ± 8.6° and 137.4 ± 3.2°, respectively (p < 0.0001), as well as significantly smaller mean FMA, 63.2 ± 9.2° and 74.8 ± 6.1°, respectively (p < 0.0001). P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Student's t-test and univariate logistic regression was performed. Three parameters to assess micrognathia were measured on mid-sagittal profile ultrasound images: frontal nasal-mental angle (FNMA), facial-maxillary angle (FMA), and alveolar overjet. Medical records were reviewed for respiratory and surgical interventions. This study aimed to evaluate 20-week fetal ultrasounds to determine if specific mandibular measurements could predict PRS diagnosis and disease severity.Ī retrospective case-control study of 48 patients with PRS and gender-matched controls was performed. Early recognition and appropriate perinatal management is crucial for optimizing outcomes. Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction.

Pierre robin sequence ultrasound